Syntax

Usage Notes

Examples

• expr    - any valid GrADS expression
• xdim1   - starting X dimension expression
• xdim2   - ending X dimension expression
• ydim1   - starting Y dimension expression
• ydim2   - ending Y dimension expression
   

For global averaging, a shorthand may be used:

aave(expr, global) or
aave(expr, g)

aave(expr, lon=0, lon=360, lat=-90, lat=90)

1. In the absence of missing data values, aave gives the same result as nested ave functions in the X and Y dimensions. The expression

   ave(ave(expr,x=1,x=72),y=1,y=46)

   will produce the same numerical result as

   aave(expr,x=1,x=72,y=1,y=46)

   but the aave function is faster more efficient.

2. When there are missing data values, the aave function does not return the same result as nested ave functions. To see this, consider the small grid:

           6       18      3       5
   
           10      10      10      10
   
           12      U       U       U
   

   where U represents the missing data value. If we apply nested ave functions, the inner ave will provide row averages of 8, 10, and 12. When the outside ave is applied, the result will be an average of 10. When aave is used, all the values participate equally (in this case, we are assuming no weights applied to the final average), and the result is 84/9 or about 9.33.
    
3. The aave function assumes that the world coordinates are longitude in the X dimension and latitude in the Y dimension, and does weighting in the latitude dimension by the difference between the sines of the latitude at the northern and southern edges of the grid box. For areal averaging without latitude weighting, use the amean function.
    
4. Both the aave and amean functions use appropriate weighting to account for unevenly spaced grids.
    
5. The aave function always does its average to the exact boundaries specified, in world coordinates. This is somewhat different from the ave function, where the -b flag is used to get this behavior. If the boundaries specified via the dimension expressions do not fall on grid boundaries, then the boundary values are weighted appropriately in the average.
    
6. If grid coordinates are used in the dimensions expressions, then they are converted to world coordinates to determine the exact boundary values. This conversion is done using the scaling of the default file. Note that the conversion is done using the outside grid box boundary, rather than the grid box center. For example:

   asum(expr,x=1,x=72,y=1,y=46)

   Here the boundary would be determined by using the X grid values ranging from 0.5 to 72.5 and Y grid values ranging from 0.5 to 46.5. These four grid boundary values would be converted to world coordinates using the scaling information from the default file. If we assume that x=1 is 0 degrees longitude and x=72 is 355 degrees longitude, then the averaging boundary would be -2.5 to 357.5 degrees, which would cover the earth. In the Y dimension, when the boundary is beyond the pole, the asum function recognizes this and weights appropriately.

1. See the tloop function for an example of creating a time series of area averages.
   
    
2. An example of taking an area average of data only over land, given a mask grid:

   aave(maskout(p,mask.3(t=1)),x=1,x=72,y=1,y=46)

   In this case, it is assumed the mask grid has negative values at ocean points.